In the electrolysis of molten Al₂O₃, what is the product at the anode?
Anode: 2O²⁻ → O₂ + 4e⁻ . Oxygen gas is produced.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 2: Electrochemistry > Topic: Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis and Faraday's Laws
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Calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of 27 g of Al from 25°C to 45°C. (Molar heat capacity of Al = 24 J/
Moles = 27 / 27 = 1 mol, Δ T = 20 K, q = nCpΔ T = 1 × 24 × 20 = 480 J = 0.48 kJ.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Heat Capacity and Calorimetry and Measurement of Enthalpy
Which group 13 element forms a trioxide with the highest acidity?
Acidity of group 13 trioxides decreases down the group. B₂O₃ (B, smallest) is the most acidic, forming boric acid, unlike Al₂O₃ (amphoteric), Ga₂O₃, or In₂O₃.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number >100
How many grams of AlCl₃ are required to produce 5.4 g of Al with excess HCl? (Molar masses: AlCl₃ = 133.5 g/mol, Al = 27
Moles of Al = 5.4/27 = 0.2 mol. 2 mol Al from 2 mol AlCl₃; 0.2 mol from 0.2 mol. Mass = 0.2 × 133.5 = 26.7 g.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry > Topic: Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations and Limiting Reagent
How many grams of Al₂O₃ are required to produce 10.8 g of Al with excess CO? (Molar masses: Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol, Al = 27 g
Reaction: Al₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Al + 3CO₂. Moles of Al = 10.8/27 = 0.4 mol. 2 mol Al from 1 mol Al₂O₃; 0.4 mol from 0.2 mol. Mass = 0.2 × 102 = 20.4 g.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry > Topic: Mole Concept and Molar Masses and Percentage Composition
How many grams of Al are required to produce 5.6 L of H₂ at STP with excess HCl? (Atomic mass: Al = 27)
Reaction: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂. Moles of H₂ = 5.6/22.4 = 0.25 mol. 3 mol H₂ from 2 mol Al; 0.25 mol from (2/3)×0.25 ≈ 0.1667 mol Al. Mass = 0.1667 × 27 ≈ 4.5 g.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry > Topic: Importance and Nature of Chemistry and Properties of Matter