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Alkenes have one double bond and follow the formula CₙH₂ₙ (e.g., C₂H₄, C₃H₆).
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
In CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ (but-1-ene), there are 11 σ bonds: 8 C-H, 2 C-C, 1 from C=C.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
In CH₃CH₂C(=O)CH₂CH₃, the carbon in CH₂ adjacent to C=O (second carbon) forms CH₃CH⁺CH₂C(=O)CH₃, stabilized by hyperconjugation from CH₃.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
Degree of unsaturation = (2C + 2 - H)/2 = (12 - 8)/2 = 2. CH₃CH₂C≡CCH₃ has one triple bond (2 units), fitting C₅H₈.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
The primary carbocation CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂⁺ can undergo a hydride shift to form CH₃CH⁺CH₂CH₃ (secondary), which is more stable due to hyperconjugation.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
Two π bonds suggest a diene. CH₂=CH-CH=CH₂ (buta-1,3-diene) has 2 π bonds and 7 σ bonds, fitting C₄H₆.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
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