What is the key factor determining the maximum current a battery can supply?
Maximum current occurs when external resistance is zero, so I_{max = ε / r . The internal resistance ( r ) limits the current, as it’s the only resistance in the circuit under short-circuit conditions.
Ref: NCERT Physics Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII, continuing as per NCERT advisory for 2026-27),Topic: Fundamental laws, definitions and applications as per latest NCERT. The section explains governing laws, formulas like μ₀ = 4π.