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#thermal physics

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Heat Transfer Work Distinction and Internal Energy Change

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 0.5 kg of carbon from 25^circ C to 55^circ C ? (Specific heat of c

**Heat and work distinction** heat is energy transfer due to temperature difference, random molecular motion, work is organized energy transfer due to macroscopic force, e.g., piston movement, both path functions depend on process, not state, internal energy U state function depends only on state (T for ideal gas), ΔU path independent, Q and W path dependent but Q-W = ΔU path independent. Δ Q = m s Δ T . m = 0.5 , s = 600 , Δ T = 55 - 25 = 30 . Δ Q = 0.5 × 600 × 30 = 9000 J . Using first law ΔU = Q

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Heat Transfer Work Distinction and Internal Energy Change

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Zeroth Law Thermal Equilibrium and Quasi-static

Which of the following statements is correct about specific heat capacity?

**Thermal equilibrium** achieved when temperatures equal, zeroth law allows definition of temperature, quasi-static process approximates equilibrium at each step, enabling calculation of work as area under P-V curve, reversible processes are quasi-static without dissipative effects. Specific heat capacity ( s = (Δ Q)/(m Δ T) ) measures heat required per unit mass to raise temperature, depending on the substance and conditions (e.g., C_p vs. C_v ). Option B is correct. Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫ P dV, isobaric W = P ΔV, isothermal W = n R T ln(V₂/V₁), adiabatic P V^γ = const and η = 1 -

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Zeroth Law Thermal Equilibrium and Quasi-static

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