Practice question

**Measure of field penetration** depends on both magnitude and projected area. Understanding angle between E and normal vector is crucial, flux zero when field parallel to surface, maximum when perpendicular. Area: A = π (0.15)² = 0.0707 m² . Flux: Φ = E A cos 30° = 8 × 10³ × 0.0707 × (√(3)/2) = 489.7 N·m²/C . Substituting values gives 490 N·m²/C, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.