Practice question

**Measure of field penetration** depends on both magnitude and projected area. Understanding angle between E and normal vector is crucial, flux zero when field parallel to surface, maximum when perpendicular. Area: A = 0.4 × 0.25 = 0.1 m² . Flux: Φ = E A cos 45° = 6 × 10³ × 0.1 × (√(2)/2) = 424.26 N·m²/C . Substituting values gives 424 N·m²/C, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.