Practice question

**Quantization of charge** states observable charge is integer multiple of elementary charge e = 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C, q = n·e, and total charge is conserved in isolated systems. Loss of electrons produces positive charge, and number of transferred electrons follows n = q/e, linking macroscopic charge measurement to microscopic carriers. Distance from -6 μC = 15 cm = 0.15 m . E₁ = 9 × 10⁹ × (4 × 10⁻⁶/(0.15)²) = 1.6 × 10⁶ N/C (away). E₂ = 9 × 10⁹ × (6 × 10⁻⁶/(0.15)²) = 2.4 × 10⁶ N/C (towards). Net E = 2.4 × 10⁶ - 1.6 × 10⁶ = 8 × 10⁵ N/C