Practice question

**Fundamental property of charge** includes additivity and quantization, meaning net charge equals algebraic sum of constituents and each is multiple of e. When rod loses charge, electron removal is inferred, and n = q/e gives transferred count. E = (2 k λ/r) , k = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² . E = (2 × 9 × 10⁹ × 6 × 10⁻⁶/0.12) = 9 × 10⁵ N/C . Substituting values gives 9.0 × 10⁵ N/C, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.