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#equilibrium condition

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Adiabatic Processes and Gamma Determination

Which of the following statements correctly defines thermal equilibrium?

**Gamma determination** γ = C_p/C_v, C_p - C_v = R, for monatomic f=3 C_v=3/2 R C_p=5/2 R γ=1.67, diatomic f=5 C_v=5/2 R C_p=7/2 R γ=1.4, adiabatic relation P V^γ = const allows γ determination from P-V measurements, slope of log P vs log V = -γ. Thermal equilibrium occurs when two systems in contact have no net heat flow between them, indicating equal temperatures, as per the Zeroth Law. Option C is correct. Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫ P dV, isobaric W = P ΔV, isothermal W = n R T ln(V₂/V₁), adiabatic P V^γ = const and η

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Adiabatic Processes and Gamma Determination

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Isobaric and Isothermal Processes Work Calculation

What is the primary condition for a system to be in mechanical equilibrium?

**Isobaric process** constant pressure, work W = P ΔV = P(V₂ - V₁) = n R ΔT, for expansion ΔV positive W positive, for compression negative, heat Q = n C_p ΔT, ΔU = n C_v ΔT. Isothermal process constant temperature ΔU=0, work W = n R T ln(V₂/V₁) = n R T ln(P₁/P₂), Q = W, heat absorbed equals work done. Mechanical equilibrium in thermodynamics requires no net force or pressure difference across the system, ensuring no macroscopic motion (e.g., piston movement). This is distinct from thermal equilibrium (equal temperature). Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫ P dV, isobaric

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Isobaric and Isothermal Processes Work Calculation

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