Practice question

**Charles' law** V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ at constant pressure, volume proportional to absolute temperature (K), Gay-Lussac P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ at constant volume, Boyle's law P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ at constant temperature, combined ideal gas law P V = n R T, R=8.314 J/mol·K. For V₁=24 L T₁=300 K T₂=600 K, V₂= V₁ T₂/T₁=48 L, volume doubles when T doubles at constant P. Charles’ law: (V₁)/(T₁) = (V₂)/(T₂).V₁ = 10 litres, T₁ = 400 K, T₂ = 100 K.V₂ = V₁ × (T₂)/(T₁) = 10 × (100)/(400) = 2.5 litres. Substituting values gives 2.5 litres, which matches expected kinetic theory result, confirming mean free path λ = 1/(√2