Practice question

**Field intensity** at distance r follows inverse-square law E = (1/4π ε₀)·q/r². At midpoint between two charges, fields superpose vectorially; if charges opposite, fields add in same direction, enhancing magnitude to E = E₁ + E₂. Fixed charges in an insulator create a field based on their spatial arrangement. Gauss’s law shows the field at a point depends on the enclosed charge, which varies with position due to the immovable nature of the charges. Substituting values gives Charge distribution, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.