Practice question

**Charge conservation and quantization** govern rubbing processes where electrons transfer without creation. Total charge before and after remains equal, and any measured charge corresponds to n = q/e electrons, allowing counting of carriers from coulomb value. The additivity of charges means their total value is the algebraic sum of individual charges, treating them as scalars with magnitude and sign (positive or negative). The directional forces (attraction/repulsion) arise from field interactions, not the charge itself. Substituting values gives Additivity, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.