Practice question

**Closed-surface flux** depends solely on net charge inside, not external charges. This principle allows flux calculation without detailed field integration and forms cornerstone for symmetric charge distributions. The cylindrical symmetry of an infinite wire, when analyzed with Gauss’s law, shows the field depends on the radial distance r with a 1/r relationship. This arises because the field spreads over a cylindrical surface, not a spherical one like a point charge. Substituting values gives Cylindrical symmetry, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.