Practice question

**Rectifier applications** diode must have reverse breakdown voltage higher than peak inverse voltage, centre-tap transformer provides two opposite phase voltages for full-wave, capacitor discharges through load R_L when diode off, drift current in junction is minority carrier motion due to field, diffusion due to gradient, diode conducts when forward biased anode positive. A full-wave rectifier uses both half-cycles of the AC input, doubling the output frequency. For a 60 Hz input, the output frequency is 60 × 2 = 120 Hz . Substituting values gives 120 Hz, which matches expected behaviour for this semiconductor device configuration, confirming doping, depletion and rectifier principles.