Practice question

**Second law Kelvin-Planck statement** no process possible whose sole result is absorption of heat from reservoir and complete conversion to work, heat engine must have at least two reservoirs hot and cold, efficiency η = W/Q_h =1 - Q_c/Q_h <1, impossible 100% efficient, Carnot efficiency η_Carnot =1 - T_c/T_h maximum possible between T_h and T_c. W = P Δ V , P V = μ R T . Δ V = 16 - 8 = 8 L . P = (μ R T)/(V₁) = (1 × 8.3 × 360)/(8) = 373.5 atm (unit correction needed).Directly: W = μ R T ((V₂ - V₁)/(V₁)) , but