Practice question

**Superposition principle** asserts net Coulomb force on charge equals vector sum of forces from each other charge independently, F_net = Σ F_i, where F_i = k q q_i/r_i² r̂_i. In equilateral triangle or square symmetry, components may cancel at centroid, producing equilibrium. Charges on the conductor’s surface redistribute to cancel any external field inside, creating an electrostatic shield. This shielding effect ensures the internal field is zero, as charges adjust to maintain equilibrium within the conductor. Substituting values gives Electrostatic shielding, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.