Practice question

**Continuous distribution** uses linear density λ = dq/dl (C/m), surface σ = dq/dA, volume ρ = dq/dV. Field of infinite line with uniform λ is E = 2kλ/r = λ/(2π ε₀ r) radially outward, derived via cylindrical Gaussian surface, showing 1/r dependence. Uniformly spaced, parallel field lines indicate a uniform field, where the field strength and direction do not vary. This occurs in regions like between parallel plates, where the field is constant due to consistent charge distribution. Substituting values gives Uniformity, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.