Practice question

**Mass defect** Δm = Z m_p + N m_n - M_nucleus, binding energy BE = Δm c², 1 u =931.5 MeV/c², BE per nucleon = BE/A, measures stability, peak ~8.8 MeV at Fe-56, for A=36 BE=288 MeV BE/A=8 MeV, for A=12 BE=96 MeV BE/A=8 MeV, for A=16 BE=127.5 MeV BE/A≈7.97 MeV, higher BE/A more stable. E = m c² . m = 0.5 × 10⁻³ kg , c² = 9 × 10¹⁶ m²/s² . E = 0.5 × 10⁻³ × 9 × 10¹⁶ = 4.5 × 10¹³ J . Using E_n = -13.6/n² eV, r_n = n² a₀, L = n h/2π, R = R₀