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The capillary rise formula (h = 2Scosθ/ρgr) shows that h is inversely proportional to radius (r) because the pressure difference due to surface tension (2S/r) must balance the weight of the liquid column, which depends on h.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
The angle of contact (θ) determines wetting behavior: an acute angle (strong attraction to the solid) causes spreading (wetting), while an obtuse angle (weak attraction) leads to droplet formation, as explained in the surface tension section.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
Wetting agents reduce surface tension and increase adhesion between the liquid and solid, lowering the angle of contact (θ), as the liquid spreads more easily, enhancing wetting, as explained in the chapter.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
Mercury has an obtuse angle of contact with glass because its cohesive forces (between mercury molecules) are stronger than its adhesive forces with glass, causing it to form droplets rather than spread.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
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