Which one of the following statements is true for protein synthesis(translation)
The third base of the codon is less specific correct as per chemistry principle.
Ref: NCERT Chemistry Class XII — Biomolecules and Polymers
#ribosome
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The Svedberg (S) value of eukaryotic ribosomes is:
Sedimentation coefficient measured in Svedberg units depends on molecular weight, density and shape, not strictly additive, so sum of subunit S values does not equal particle S value. Cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotes consist of forty S small subunit containing eighteen S rRNA and approximately thirty three proteins and sixty S large subunit containing twenty eight S, five point eight S and five S rRNA plus about forty seven proteins, together associating into eighty S monosome of three point two megadaltons and about twenty five nanometers diameter when translating. Prokaryotic ribosomes ar
Ref: Warner Cell Biol; eukaryotic 80S 40S+60S not additive, distinct from bacterial 70S.
Which of the following molecules carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis during translation.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which of the following statements about translation is incorrect?
Translation does not convert DNA into protein; it converts mRNA into protein.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which of the following components is required for the elongation phase of translation?
Aminoacyl-tRNA is required for elongation, delivering amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which molecule binds to the ribosome during translation initiation?
mRNA binds to the ribosome during translation initiation, providing the template for protein synthesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which component of the ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation during translation?
Peptidyl transferase, an enzymatic function of rRNA, catalyzes peptide bond formation during translation.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which of the following statements about translation is incorrect?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes decode mRNA into a protein.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Genetic Code and Translation
Which form of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome and helps in protein synthesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 9: Biomolecules Chemical Analysis and Biomolecules - Amino Acids Lipids
What does the letter “S” in 70S and 80S ribosomes represent?
“S” represents the Svedberg unit or sedimentation coefficient. It is indirectly related to the density and size of a ribosomal particle.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life Mitochondria Plastids Ribosomes and Other Organelles
Which pair of subunits forms a 70S ribosome?
A 70S ribosome consists of a larger 50S subunit and a smaller 30S subunit. Prokaryotic ribosomes and the ribosomes within mitochondria and chloroplasts are 70S.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life Mitochondria Plastids Ribosomes and Other Organelles
