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#mononitration

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Which condition favors mononitration of phenol when it reacts with HNO₃?

Dilute HNO₃ at low temperature favors mononitration of phenol, producing a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol, with the para isomer being the major product due to lower steric hindrance.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Structures of Alcohols Phenols Ethers