Both β-adrenergic receptors and glucagon receptors couple to the stimulatory G protein Gs. Activated Gs stimulates adenylyl cyclase, elevating cAMP and activating protein kinase A. PKA phosphorylates enzymes of glycogen metabolism, ultimately raising blood glucose. Insulin opposes these effects by promoting dephosphorylation of the same target proteins, illustrating reciprocal control of carbohydrate homeostasis.
Ref:
NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)