Which of the following animals possesses flame cells for excretion?
Planaria (a platyhelminth) uses flame cells for osmoregulation and excretion.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes
#flame cells
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Which excretory structure is present in Platyhelminthes?
Platyhelminthes use flame cells for excretion and osmoregulation.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes
Flame cells together form
Flame cells appear individually as ciliated terminal cells, yet collectively they connect via branching tubules forming protonephridial system, simplest nephridial type among bilaterians. Each protonephridium comprises closed tubule ending in flame bulb with filtration slits and opening externally via pore, contrasting with metanephridia that start with open ciliated funnel draining coelomic fluid. Ultrafiltration driven by ciliary beating creates negative pressure pulling fluid through weir. Thousands of flame cells provide osmoregulation in freshwater flatworms. Nephrons refer to vertebrate glomerulus-tubule units, Malpighian system originates from insect hindgut, thus protonephridia uniquely characterize acoelomates and some pseudocoelomates.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 4: Protonephridia vs metanephridia classification