3 public questions tagged with this topic.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) detects pathogens through antigen-antibody interactions.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Medical Applications - Molecular Diagnosis - PCR ELISA
TLR9 resides in endolysosomes and detects unmethylated CpG DNA motifs that are common in bacterial and viral genomes but rare in vertebrate DNA. Engagement of TLR9 activates MyD88-dependent signaling that drives pro-inflammatory cytokine and type-I interferon production, contributing to both antimicrobial defense and the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. Careful
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)
Carbohydrate structures on microbes, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)
