Explores the process of photosynthesis in higher plants, covering light-dependent reactions, the Calvin cycle, and environmental factors that influence efficiency.
Light-harvesting complexes absorb light and transfer energy to reaction centers for photosynthesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) is the first stable product formed in the Calvin cycle.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
In light-dependent reactions, water undergoes photolysis, releasing oxygen, electrons, and protons.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
In oxygenic photosynthesis, water donates electrons to PSII, leading to oxygen evolution.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
Photolysis of water occurs in the thylakoid membrane and provides electrons to Photosystem II.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
C₄ plants, such as maize and sugarcane, use the C₄ pathway to minimize photorespiration and increase CO₂ efficiency.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
In C3 plants, RuBP is the primary acceptor of CO2 during the Calvin cycle.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
CAM plants fix carbon dioxide at night to minimize water loss.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
CAM plants keep their stomata closed during the day to minimize water loss through transpiration in arid environments.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
NADPH provides reducing power to convert carbon dioxide into glucose in the Calvin cycle.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
During the light-dependent reactions, water undergoes photolysis, releasing oxygen and providing electrons.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
Six turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to fix six molecules of CO₂ and produce one molecule of glucose.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Photosynthesis - Significance and Bacterial Photosynthesis
