Practice questions covering the structure and properties of monosaccharides, the simplest form of carbohydrates, and their biological significance.
Fructose is a ketose sugar with a ketone group at C2, unlike aldoses which have an aldehyde group.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Glucose is an aldohexose, a six-carbon sugar with an aldehyde group at C1.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
The open chain structure of glucose has five -OH groups attached to different carbon atoms, confirmed by its reaction with acetic anhydride to form a pentaacetate.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Mannose is an epimer of glucose, differing only in the configuration at C2.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Reduction of glucose (an aldohexose) with hydrogen converts the aldehyde group to an alcohol, forming sorbitol.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Glucose, a reducing sugar with a free aldehyde group, reduces Cu²⁺ in Benedict’s solution to form a red Cu₂O precipitate.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Fructose is a ketohexose with 6 carbons like glucose (an aldohexose), but it has a ketone group instead of an aldehyde.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Glucose, an aldohexose, has four chiral carbons in its open chain form at C2, C3, C4, and C5.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Fructose is a ketose sugar due to the presence of a ketone group at C2 in its open chain form.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
A ketose sugar has a ketone group. Fructose is a ketohexose with a ketone group at C2.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
An aldotetrose is a monosaccharide with an aldehyde group and four carbon atoms.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
Nitric acid, a strong oxidizing agent, oxidizes both the aldehyde and primary alcohol groups of glucose to carboxylic acids, forming saccharic acid.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 14: Biomolecules > Topic: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Structure and Properties
