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Young's modulus: Y = (F L) / (A ΔL). Rearrange: F = (Y A ΔL) / L. Substitute: ΔL = 0.3 × 10-3 m, so F = (2 × 1011 × 4 × 10-6 × 0.3 × 10-3) / 3 = 80 N.
Ref: University Physics, Chapter 17: Thermal Expansion.
Young's modulus: Y = FLAΔL. Rearrange: ΔL = FLAY. Substitute: ΔL = 600×1.62×10−6×7×1010 = 9601.4×105≈6.86×10−3m = 6.86mm. As per NCERT, applying relevant law/formula with correct units and sign convention leads to 6.86mm. This satisfies dimensional consistency and physical conditions given, so option B is scientifically correct.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
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