#immune recognition

Immunology

TLR9 specifically recognizes

TLR9 resides in endolysosomes and detects unmethylated CpG DNA motifs that are common in bacterial and viral genomes but rare in vertebrate DNA. Engagement of TLR9 activates MyD88-dependent signaling that drives pro-inflammatory cytokine and type-I interferon production, contributing to both antimicrobial defense and the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. Careful

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Immunology

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) mainly recognize

Carbohydrate structures on microbes, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Immunology

Endosomal TLRs mainly recognize

Nucleic acids from degraded pathogens, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Immunology

TLR4 primarily recognizes

Toll-like receptor 4, in complex with MD-2, is the primary sensor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Ligand binding triggers both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways that culminate in NF-κB activation and type-I interferon production. The resulting inflammatory response is essential for host defense yet can also drive septic shock when excessive. Careful

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

Cytotoxic T cells kill cancer cells by recognizing antigens presented on

MHC-I molecules, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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