#X-rays

Energy, Intensity and Momentum of EM Waves

Which type of electromagnetic waves are produced by bombarding a metal target with high-energy electrons?

**Energy in EM wave** equally divided between electric and magnetic fields, energy density u = ½ ε₀ E² + B²/(2μ₀) = ε₀ E² = B²/μ₀, average u_avg = ½ ε₀ E₀², intensity I = c u_avg = ½ c ε₀ E₀² = E₀ B₀/(2μ₀) = c B₀²/(2μ₀), radiation pressure p = I/c for absorption, 2I/c for reflection. The document states that X-rays are generated by bombarding a metal target with high-energy electrons. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields X-rays, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displacement current concept.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Energy, Intensity and Momentum of EM Waves

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Applications of EM Waves in Communication and Medicine

Why are X-rays used as a diagnostic tool in medicine?

**X-rays and gamma rays in medicine** X-rays imaging because bone absorbs more than tissue, contrast, CT scan uses multiple X-ray projections, gamma knife uses focused gamma rays to destroy tumor with minimal surrounding damage, illustrating high-energy EM wave medical use. The document explains that X-rays can penetrate tissues and are used to image internal structures, making them effective for diagnosis. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields They penetrate tissues for imaging, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's di

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Applications of EM Waves in Communication and Medicine

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Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays and Their Properties

Why are X-rays used in medicine to treat certain forms of cancer?

**Gamma rays** λ10¹⁹ Hz, produced by nuclear transitions and radioactive decay, associated with nuclear processes because nuclear energy levels MeV vs atomic eV, highest photon energy, used in cancer treatment due to high penetration and cell damage, also sterilization, astronomy. The document explains that X-rays can damage or destroy living tissues, which makes them useful for targeting and destroying cancer cells. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields They destroy cancer cells, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays and Their Properties

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PHYSICS

X-rays are typically used in medicine for which purpose?

X-rays are used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and for treating rtain forms of cancer, as mentioned in the document. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Physics Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Relevant Physics topic covering fundamental principles,

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