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#Wnt pathway

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

amphibian -ll

Dorsal signaling in Xenopus involves:

Dorsal specification integrates three interacting components: maternally stored Wnt11 mRNA polyadenylated after fertilization secretes dorsalizing ligand activating Frizzled receptors; GBP protein bound to kinesin transported dorsally binding and inhibited GSK-3; Dishevelled scaffold recruited to membrane inhibiting Axin destruction complex. Together they stabilize beta-catenin dorsally activating Siamois and Twin transcription in Nieuwkoop center which activates Nodal. BMP antagonists Noggin and Chordin are downstream organizer products, not dorsal inducers. VegT cooperates for mesoderm induc

Ref: Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 9: Dorsal signaling involves GBP, Dishevelled and Wnt11 collaboration.

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amphibian -ll

GSK-3 normally functions by:

In resting cells GSK-3 beta resides in destruction complex with scaffold Axin and tumor suppressor APC, phosphorylating N-terminal residues Ser33, Ser37, Thr41 of beta-catenin. Phosphorylated beta-catenin recognized by beta-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, keeping cytoplasmic levels low. Wnt signaling displaces complex via Dishevelled and GBP inhibiting GSK-3, preventing phosphorylation. Thus GSK-3 normally functions by degrading beta-catenin ventrally. Dorsal Wnt11 signaling inhibits GSK-3 allowing beta-catenin accumulation, nuclear translocation

Ref: NCBI Bookshelf, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Chapter 19: GSK-3 function - beta-catenin degradation in Wnt pathway.

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A Cell Signaling

Wnt pathway inducing cytoskeletal changes during development is

Planar cell polarity pathway, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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