Which of the following is an ex-situ conservation method?
Botanical gardens exemplify ex-situ conservation maintaining collections of living plants labeled with scientific name, family, accession number from diverse ecological zones. They serve as repositories for rare, threatened, and economically significant taxa, conduct propagation via seeds, cuttings, tissue culture, and maintain associated herbaria and seed banks for research. Indian Botanical Garden Howrah established 1787 and National Botanical Garden Lucknow harbor extensive collections. Contrasting with in-situ national parks and sanctuaries where plants remain in natural ecosystem, botanical gardens relocate species for educational display and safeguard. Clarity on this principle prevents confusion between in-situ and ex-situ methods often interchanged in examination options.
Ref: Botanic Gardens Conservation International Role Ex-situ; NCERT Ex-situ Examples Botanical Garden