Which synthetic ampholyte is commonly used?
Commercial carrier ampholytes are synthetic mixtures of amphoteric molecules produced by copolymerization of polyamines with unsaturated carboxylic acids like acrylic acid, yielding intricate polyamino-polycarboxylic structures with aliphatic backbones containing numerous isomeric species with closely spaced pI values. Their excellent buffering capacity and conductivity across pH 2-11 allow generation of continuous linear gradients upon application of electric field, essential for high-resolution isoelectric focusing. Histones are basic proteins, phosphopeptides are modified peptides, and beta
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.