10 public questions tagged with this topic.
Type III survivorship curves, seen in species like frogs and oysters, have high juvenile mortality but long survival for adults.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Interactions - Mutualism and Amensalism
Type I survivorship curves are seen in species with high parental care, where most individuals survive to old age, such as humans.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Growth - Exponential and Logistic Models
Humans exhibit a Type I survivorship curve, where mortality is low in early and middle life but increases in old age.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Responses to Abiotic Factors - Regulate Conform Migrate Suspend
Ground squirrels are commonly represented by a Type II survivorship curve because their probability of dying is treated as approximately constant across much of life. On a semilogarithmic survivorship graph, a constant hazard produces a roughly straight decline. Real populations can depart from this ideal when juveniles, dispersers, or old individuals experience different risks, so the classification is a broad empirical approximation. A survivorship curve is built from a cohort life table by plotting the proportion alive at each age. Type I concentrates mortality late, Type II approximates a
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 12
Oysters release enormous numbers of larvae, but most die before reaching adulthood because they receive little parental protection and face predation, starvation, and unsuitable settlement sites. The few survivors may then live much longer. This concentration of mortality in the earliest age classes produces a strongly concave Type III survivorship curve rather than the late-life losses characteristic of Type I. A survivorship curve is built from a cohort life table by plotting the proportion alive at each age. Type I concentrates mortality late, Type II approximates a constant hazard, and Typ
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 12
A Type I curve shows high survival through juvenile and middle ages followed by steep mortality late in life. Iteroparity, repeated reproduction across several seasons, is often associated with this pattern because adults usually survive long enough to breed more than once. The association is not a definition: the curve records mortality by age, whereas iteroparity describes scheduling of reproduction. Survivorship and reproductive schedules are connected through allocation. An organism has finite energy for growth, maintenance, defense, and reproduction; investment in one function constrains
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 12
“High juvenile mortality” for type iii curve shows. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Survivorship curves summarize age-specific mortality: Type I concentrates loss late in life, Type II approximates a constant hazard, and Type III concentrates loss early. They are empirical patterns, not rigid taxonomic rules. The remaining alternatives—“High early survival”, “Constant mortality”, “Low reproduction”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the sam
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 12
“Belding's ground squirrel” for which of the following shows a type ii curve. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Life-history traits reflect allocation among growth, maintenance, survival, and reproduction. Energy invested in many offspring cannot simultaneously be invested in large offspring, prolonged care, or future breeding, creating measurable trade-offs. The remaining alternatives—“Human”, “Oyster”, “Agave”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not exp
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 12
“Type I” for which curve in survivorship shows density-dependent mortality. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Survivorship curves summarize age-specific mortality: Type I concentrates loss late in life, Type II approximates a constant hazard, and Type III concentrates loss early. They are empirical patterns, not rigid taxonomic rules. The remaining alternatives—“Type II”, “Type III”, “Logistic”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not express the same caus
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed., Unit 8 Ecology
“Type III” for the survivorship curve for species with many offspring and low parental care is. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Life-history traits reflect allocation among growth, maintenance, survival, and reproduction. Energy invested in many offspring cannot simultaneously be invested in large offspring, prolonged care, or future breeding, creating measurable trade-offs. The remaining alternatives—“Type I”, “Type II”, “Type IV”—refer to different states, processes, or scales an
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed., Unit 8 Ecology
