Which of the following is *not* a seral stage?
Ecesis is a process rather than a seral community: it is the successful germination, establishment, and growth of immigrants after their arrival. Pioneer, intermediate, and climax communities describe recognizable positions or assemblages in a successional sequence, whereas ecesis describes what colonists do. Classical succession terminology divides community development into site exposure, arrival, establishment, interaction, environmental reaction, and relative stabilization. Modern ecology treats these as useful descriptions rather than a rigid deterministic program. Local resource conditio
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 20