#research applications

Animal Tissue Culture 3

SH-SY5Y cells are commonly used in studies related to:

SH-SY5Y is thrice cloned subline of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma isolated from bone marrow metastasis of 4-year-old patient in 1970. Neuroblast-like phenotype maintains ability to proliferate rapidly in undifferentiated state and differentiate upon exposure to retinoic acid, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or brain-derived neurotrophic factor into neuron-like cells extending neurites, expressing mature neuronal markers microtubule-associated protein MAP2, tau, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, and catecholaminergic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. This plasticity mak

Ref: Biedler et al Cancer Res 1973 SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma origin; Xicoy et al Mol Neurodegeneration 2017 SH-SY5Y neurobiology differentiation.

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Animal Tissue Culture 3

MDCK cells are widely used to study:

MDCK cells are premier model for epithelial physiology because they form highly polarized monolayers with distinct apical membrane enriched in glycoproteins with GPI anchors and basolateral membrane containing receptors for growth factors, enabling study of protein sorting signals such as tyrosine motifs and raft-dependent trafficking via Par3-Par6-aPKC polarity complex. They develop tight junctions that restrict paracellular diffusion, allowing measurement of drug permeability, P-glycoprotein mediated efflux, and toxicant effects on barrier integrity. In influenza research, MDCK is gold stand

Ref: Simons K & Fuller SD Annu Rev Cell Biol 1985 MDCK polarity; WHO Manual Influenza diagnostics: MDCK culture influenza virus study.

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Animal Tissue Culture 3

MDCK cell line is derived from:

MDCK, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney, line established in 1958 from kidney of healthy adult Cocker Spaniel by S.H. Madin and N.B. Darby at Naval Biological Laboratory in Berkeley. Epithelial cells from distal tubule retain characteristics including polarized growth, formation of tight junctions expressing claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, development of high transepithelial electrical resistance exceeding 200 ohm.cm2 when cultured on permeable supports, and vectorial ion transport mediated by Na+/K+ ATPase localized basolaterally. Morphology is cobblestone epithelial-like with contact in

Ref: Madin SH & Darby NB 1958 MDCK canine kidney origin; Dukes et al Am J Physiol 2011 MDCK polarity tight junction strains.

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Animal Tissue Culture 3

Vero cells are especially useful for:

Vero cells are particularly valuable for vaccine production and virology because deletion of interferon alpha/beta genes prevents establishment of antiviral state normally triggered by viral RNA sensing via RIG-I and MDA5 activating IRF3. Consequently viruses replicate to high titers enabling efficient bulk production under Good Manufacturing Practice. Poliovirus inactivated polio vaccine, rabies vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and rotavirus vaccine are produced in Vero microcarrier cultures. Regulatory agencies accept Vero because extensive documentation demonstrates absence of tumori

Ref: WHO Requirements for Vero cells for vaccine production TRS 978 Annex 3; Barrett et al Biologicals 2009 Vero interferon deficiency vaccine.

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Animal Tissue Culture 3

NIH/3T3 cells are widely used to study:

NIH/3T3 fibroblasts are widely exploited to study cell cycle regulation, contact inhibition, and oncogenic transformation because they retain intact checkpoints and robust growth factor responsiveness. Confluent 3T3 cultures arrest in G0/G1 through Hippo pathway mediated YAP phosphorylation and induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Serum starvation synchronizes cells, and addition of serum containing PDGF, EGF, insulin triggers coordinated re-entry into cell cycle involving Ras-MAPK cascade, PI3K-Akt activation, and induction of immediate-early transcription factors c-fos, c-jun, c-

Ref: Pardee AB Science 1974 G1 regulation NIH/3T3; Lodish MBoC 8th Ed Contact inhibition and oncogene transformation focus assay.

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