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3 public questions tagged with this topic.

BOTANY

Which of the following best describes the function of the Human Genome Project (HGP)?

The Human Genome Project aimed to identify all human genes and determine the complete DNA sequence of the human genome. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Botany section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 -

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Hybridization

SPR is used to study:

Surface Plasmon Resonance is a powerful label-free technique for monitoring biomolecular interactions in real time without fluorescent or radioactive tags. One interaction partner is immobilized on a gold-coated sensor chip while the other flows over the surface. Binding changes the refractive index near the surface, altering the resonance angle proportionally to mass accumulation. This allows determination of association and dissociation rate constants, affinity, and specificity. Applications include protein-protein, protein-DNA, antibody-antigen, and small molecule screening. Traditional pro

Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.

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Flow cytometry, FACS, ELISA

What is the use of flow cytometry?

Flow cytometry analyzes physical and chemical properties of individual cells suspended in fluid. Hydrodynamic focusing forces single file passage through laser intercept, measuring forward scatter proportional to size, side scatter indicating granularity, and fluorescence from labeled antibodies or dyes reflecting antigen expression, DNA content or calcium flux. It does not sequence DNA, assess protein tertiary folding or amplify nucleic acids like PCR. Applications include immunophenotyping, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection, sorting of specific populations for culture, making it power

Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.

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