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Semelparity is a reproductive strategy where organisms reproduce once before dying, as seen in certain insects and salmon.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Interactions - Parasitism and Commensalism
Mayflies are commonly semelparous. The aquatic immature stage may last months or years, but the winged adult is short-lived and ordinarily mates during a single reproductive period before dying. Loggerhead turtles and maple trees breed repeatedly. As with all life-history labels, the relevant criterion is the number of reproductive episodes, not simply organism size or lifespan. Allocation trade-offs arise because stored carbon, nutrients, time, and physiological capacity are finite. Reproduction can reduce maintenance and future survival, while maintenance can postpone offspring production. L
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5
Perennial plants commonly survive for several years and flower or set seed on repeated occasions, making them iteroparous. Their life history retains enough resources for maintenance, storage, and future reproduction after each breeding season. Mayflies and many bamboos are familiar semelparous examples, although reproductive schedules can vary among species and should not be generalized without evidence. Allocation trade-offs arise because stored carbon, nutrients, time, and physiological capacity are finite. Reproduction can reduce maintenance and future survival, while maintenance can postp
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5
Coho salmon are semelparous: adults migrate to freshwater, invest heavily in one spawning season, and die after reproduction. Their stored energy is spent on migration, competition, nest construction, gamete production, and defense rather than future survival. Loggerhead turtles and long-lived trees generally reproduce in multiple years, making them iteroparous. Selection can favor a large terminal effort when future survival is poor or when concentrating resources yields accelerating fecundity gains. Repeated breeding is favored when adults commonly survive and spreading reproduction buffers
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 5
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