Which detergent is most likely to maintain a protein’s native structure during extraction?
Extraction of integral membrane proteins for functional study demands detergent that disrupts lipid bilayer but avoids complete unfolding of polypeptide. Ionic strong detergents like SDS bind cooperatively to protein backbone at about one SDS per two amino acids, imparting negative charge, disrupting secondary structure and denaturing enzymes, suitable for electrophoresis but not activity assays. Non-ionic detergents Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside DDM and octyl glucoside are milder; they replace lipids around transmembrane helices forming protein-detergent micelles, maint
Ref: Privé, Methods 2007, Detergent choice; Garavito & Ferguson-Miller, J Biol Chem 2001.