Which trophic level do primary consumers belong to?
Primary consumers (herbivores) feed on producers (plants) and occupy the second trophic level.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystem Services and Functions
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What is the role of primary consumers?
Primary consumers feed directly on producers and transfer part of primary production into animal or microbial consumer biomass. Herbivores, zooplankton, and many seed eaters occupy this role. Their feeding can regulate producer abundance and species composition, while their waste and mortality route nutrients and energy into detrital pathways. They do not produce energy—organisms transform energy—and they do not generally consume herbivores. Their assimilation and production efficiencies determine how much producer energy becomes available to predators. Thermodynamic constraints set broad patt
Ref: Fundamentals of Ecology, Odum & Barrett, 5th Ed., Ch. 3