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Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are homologous structures derived from the same ancestral organ but adapted for different functions.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 6: Evolution Evidences of Evolution - Paleontological and Comparative Anatomy
In cucurbits (e.g., pumpkin and cucumber), tendrils are modified stems, not leaves, that help in climbing.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter - Morphology of flowering plants
Thorns in citrus plants are modified stems, not leaves. They protect the plant from herbivores.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter - Morphology of flowering plants
Stipules are small leaf-like structures at the base of a petiole that protect young developing leaves.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter - Morphology of flowering plants
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