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#plant growth

59 public questions tagged with this topic.

BOTANY

What is the primary function of vascular cambium during plant growth?

The vascular cambium, a type of lateral meristem, contributes to secondary growth by increasing the girth of stems and roots. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Topic: Plant structure and tissue systems.

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BOTANY

What would happen if the root cap of a growing root is removed?

The root cap protects the delicate meristematic region of the root from mechanical damage as it pushes through the soil. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion covering relevant concept, Topic: Plant structure, physiology and applications.

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Plant tissue culture 1

Gibberellins are mainly involved in:

Gibberellins are tetracyclic diterpenoid hormones with GA1 GA3 GA4 most bioactive functions centered on stem elongation, seed germination and floral transition. Biosynthesis proceeds from geranylgeranyl diphosphate via ent kaurene ent kaurenoic acid to GA12 catalyzed by terpene synthases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases GA20 oxidase and GA3 oxidase. Signaling involves soluble receptor GID1 binding GA causing conformational change enabling interaction with DELLA repressors which are then ubiquitinated by SCF SLY1 GID2 complex and degraded via proteasome allowing transcription of growth genes.

Ref: Sun, Annu Rev Plant Biol 2008 GA-DELLA signaling; NCBI NBK10975 gibberellin pathway.

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Plant tissue culture 1

Rhizogenesis refers to formation of:

Rhizogenesis denotes formation of roots from callus, shoots or explants, derived from rhiza root, complementing caulogenesis in organogenesis. It is induced predominantly by elevated auxin levels and low cytokinin, mirroring natural lateral root formation. Molecular basis involves creation of localized auxin maxima through biosynthesis via YUCCA pathway and polar transport by PIN1, PIN2, AUX1 carriers concentrating auxin in founder cells. Perception via TIR1/AFB F-box receptors triggers degradation of Aux/IAA repressors liberating ARF7 and ARF19 transcription factors that induce LBD16, LBD29 a

Ref: Taiz & Zeiger Plant Physiol. 6th ed., Auxin transport and root development; Lodish Molecular Cell Biology Chap. 16.

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Plant tissue culture 1

Caulogenesis refers to formation of:

Caulogenesis is specific morphogenic pathway leading to shoot formation in vitro, term derived from caulis meaning stem. As branch of organogenesis it requires high cytokinin to low auxin ratio that suppresses root program and promotes shoot identity. At cellular level cytokinins like BAP, kinetin, zeatin bind histidine kinase receptors AHK2/3/4 initiating phosphorelay through AHP proteins to activate type-B Arabidopsis Response Regulators ARR1, ARR10, ARR12. These upregulate WUSCHEL organizing center, SHOOT MERISTEMLESS STM and CLAVATA3 feedback maintaining stem cell pool while inducing CYCD3

Ref: Hartmann & Kester Plant Propagation, Chap. 17; Taiz & Zeiger Physiology, Chap. 21 cytokinin signaling.

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