Which phylum does the organism Balanoglossus belong to?
Balanoglossus belongs to phylum Hemichordata, a group of marine worm-like animals.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Protochordata
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Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of phylum Hemichordata?
Hemichordates have a body divided into three regions: proboscis, collar, and trunk.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Protochordata
Which phylum includes animals with a single opening serving as both mouth and anus?
Cnidarians possess a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening that functions as both the mouth and anus.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Mollusca and Echinodermata
Which phylum includes animals with an open circulatory system?
Arthropods have an open circulatory system where the blood directly bathes organs in a hemocoel.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Arthropoda
Which phylum does the animal 'Pleurobrachia' belong to?
Pleurobrachia is a ctenophore, characterized by the presence of comb plates used for locomotion.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes
Which phylum consists of animals with a segmented body and nephridia for excretion?
Annelids have a segmented body and use nephridia for excretion and osmoregulation.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes
Which phylum exhibits both intracellular and extracellular digestion?
Cnidarians digest food partially in the gastrovascular cavity (extracellular digestion), and further digestion occurs inside cells (intracellular digestion).
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria
Which phylum is characterized by animals with a body wall containing ostia and a spongocoel?
Members of phylum Porifera (sponges) have a body wall with ostia (tiny pores) leading to the spongocoel, allowing water circulation.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria
Which taxonomic category is used for plants in place of phylum?
In plants, classes with a few similar characters are assigned to the higher category called division. The corresponding category in animals is phylum.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 1: The Living World Taxonomic Categories - Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom
Methanogens belong to phylum
Methanogenesis, anaerobic production of methane as catabolic end product, is restricted to Archaea possessing coenzymes methanofuran, tetrahydromethanopterin, and coenzyme M unique to this group and absent in bacteria. Most cultivated methanogens including Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, and Methanosarcina belong phylogenetically to phylum Euryarchaeota which also includes halophiles, thermoplasmatales, and Archaeoglobus sulfate reducers. Crenarchaeota primarily comprises hyperthermophiles lacking methanogenic capacity. Euryarchaeal 16S rRNA clustering and shared methanogenic pathway enzymes define this metabolic coherence, playing crucial role in anaerobic digestion, rumen function, and global carbon cycle regulation.
Ref: Brock Biology Microorganisms 15th ed., Chapter 16 Euryarchaeota methanogens; Madigan Microbiology methanogenesis coenzyme M pathway