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#optical media

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Wave Properties, Frequency and Energy Conservation

What property of light waves explains why the frequency remains constant when light refracts into a denser medium?

**Frequency of light** remains unchanged when refracts from air into water because frequency determined by source, energy E= h f conserved, speed decreases v= c/n, wavelength decreases λ'=v/f= λ/n, energy of wave proportional to amplitude² not speed, intensity I =½ c ε₀ E₀², energy not depend on speed directly, when speed decreases amplitude may change but energy conserved, interference redistributes energy, total energy same, bright regions gain from dark. Frequency is determined by the source and remains unchanged, while speed and wavelength adjust to the medium’s properties. Using Δ = d sin

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Wave Optics > Wave Properties, Frequency and Energy Conservation

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Refraction, Refractive Index and Critical Angle

What is the speed of light in a medium with refractive index 1.45, given the speed in vacuum is \( 3.0 \times 10^8 \, \t

**Frequency of light** does not change on refraction, c = f λ, when enters denser medium speed decreases, wavelength decreases λ' = v/f = c/(n f) = λ/n, frequency same, for λ=480 nm f=c/λ=3×10⁸/480×10⁻⁹=6.25×10¹⁴ Hz, for 630 nm f=4.76×10¹⁴ Hz, for 540 nm f=5.56×10¹⁴ Hz, refractive index determines bending. Speed in a medium v = (c/n) . Given n = 1.45 , c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s , v = (3.0 × 10⁸/1.45) ≈ 2.07 × 10⁸ m/s . Using Δ = d sinθ, y = n λ D/d, a sinθ = n λ, I = I₀ cos²θ, n = c/v, sinC = 1/n,

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Wave Optics > Refraction, Refractive Index and Critical Angle

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