Why are microwaves suitable for use in radar systems?
**Hertz experiment** produced radio waves using spark gap LC oscillator, detected with loop antenna, confirming Maxwell's prediction, frequency ≈10⁸ Hz, wavelength ≈3 m, demonstrating EM waves travel at c, transverse, can be reflected, refracted, polarized. Microwaves have short wavelengths that allow them to be focused into narrow beams, providing high resolution and precision for detecting objects in radar systems. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields They have short wavelengths for precision, illustrating EM wave transverse nature
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Spectrum - Radio Waves and Microwaves