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#nuclear translocation

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Drosophila -l

Dorsal protein nuclear translocation is restricted to:

Spatial regulation of Dorsal nuclear import depends on eggshell cues. Ventral follicle cells expressing Pipe modify vitelline membrane enabling Gastrulation defective cascade to cleave Spätzle ligand locally. Cleaved Spätzle binds Toll only on ventral side of embryo, recruiting MyD88, Tube, Pelle leading to phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of Cactus ankyrin-repeat inhibitor which sequesters Dorsal cytoplasmically. Dorsal side retains intact Cactus, keeping Dorsal cytosolic. Consequently Dorsal translocates to nuclei exclusively in ventral cells, forming gradient peaked ventrally and

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Chapter 22: Dorsal nuclear gradient ventral restriction.

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Gene Cloning Process

Which of the following proteins allows nuclear translocation upon binding dexamethasone?

The glucocorticoid receptor is a cytosolic steroid receptor that undergoes ligand-dependent nuclear translocation. In the absence of hormone, it is sequestered in cytoplasm by Hsp90 chaperone complex. Binding of synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces conformational change, dissociation from chaperones, exposure of nuclear localization signal, and rapid translocation to nucleus to activate target genes. Fusing a protein of interest to the receptor's hormone-binding domain creates an inducible nuclear import system widely used to control transcription factor activity and study nucleocyto

Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.

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