Chromatography resolves based on:
Chromatography encompasses multiple interaction mechanisms exploited across various modes. Adsorption relies on surface interactions with solid phase, partition depends on differential solubility between two liquid phases, size exclusion separates via pore accessibility, ion exchange utilizes electrostatic attraction, affinity uses biospecific recognition, and hydrophobic interaction uses polarity differences. Different analytes may be resolved by different dominant forces, but all fall under chromatographic principle of differential migration. Stating that all mechanisms are valid acknowledges versatility of technique and helps in method selection based on analyte properties such as charge, size, hydrophobicity, or specific binding capability for purification.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.