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#microbial activity

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Bioremediation

Surfactants enhance bioremediation by increasing:

Hydrophobic organic pollutants including crude oil aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and creosote components exhibit low aqueous solubility below 1 mg per L, strong sorption to soil organic matter estimated by high Koc, and presence as non-aqueous phase liquids limiting mass transfer to bacterial cells even when degradative enzymes encoded by alkB and nahAc are present. Addition of biosurfactants such as rhamnolipids composed of rhamnose glycosidically linked to beta-hydroxydecanoic acid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, surfactin cyclic lipopeptide from Baci

Ref: Pacwa-Płociniczak et al. International Journal Molecular Sciences 2011 biosurfactants bioremediation; EPA surfactant enhanced recovery guide.

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Bioremediation

Intrinsic bioremediation is characterized by:

Intrinsic bioremediation operates as unassisted self-purification process driven solely by resident soil and groundwater microbiota that have evolved under chronic contaminant exposure, without any engineered addition of nutrients, oxygen-releasing compounds, or exogenous inocula. Native bacteria possessing catabolic plasmids like OCT encoding octane oxidation, NAH for naphthalene dioxygenase, or chromosomal pathways for monoaromatic degradation use industrial pollutants as carbon and electron donors, converting them through peripheral pathways to central intermediates catechol then to tricarb

Ref: EPA Natural Attenuation Technical Guide 1999; Prescott Microbiology environmental chapters; PubMed intrinsic bioremediation PMID 10463030.

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Bioremediation

Biostimulation refers to:

Biostimulation enhances pollutant degradation capacity of indigenous microbial communities already adapted to site conditions without introducing foreign organisms, focusing instead on relieving nutritional, redox or environmental constraints limiting rate. Petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents and pesticides often persist not due to absence of degraders carrying alkB alkane hydroxylase, xylE catechol dioxygenase or dehH haloacid dehalogenase genes, but because electron acceptor oxygen, nitrogen as ammonium, phosphorus as phosphate, or carbon as electron donor scarce, causing C:N:P imba

Ref: Adams et al. Frontiers Microbiology 2015 Biostimulation vs Bioaugmentation; EPA Technical Guide biostimulation; PubMed comparison.

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