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Extension is the movement that increases the angle between two body parts, such as straightening the elbow.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement Joints - Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Types
Flexion decreases the angle between two bones, such as bending the elbow.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement Appendicular Skeleton - Limb Bones
Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body, such as lifting the arm sideways.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement Appendicular Skeleton - Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
The knee is a hinge joint that allows movement in only one direction.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement Skeletal System - Axial Skeleton - Skull Vertebral Column
The joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae allows rotational movement, characteristic of a pivot joint.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement Skeletal System - Axial Skeleton - Skull Vertebral Column
The wrist contains gliding joints that allow limited movement between carpal bones.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement Types of Movement - Amoeboid Ciliary Flagellar Muscular
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