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#isolated system

6 public questions tagged with this topic.

Electric Dipole - Moment, Field and Torque

Which property of electric charge explains why the total charge of an isolated system remains constant even when objects

**Electric dipole** consists of charges +q and -q separated by 2a, dipole moment p = q·2a, vector from negative to positive, unit C·m. In uniform field E, torque τ = p × E, magnitude τ = p E sinθ, tending to align p with E, potential energy U = -p·E = -p E cosθ. The conservation of electric charge states that the total charge in an isolated system remains constant over time. When objects are rubbed together, charge is transferred from one to another (e.g., electrons move), but no new charge is created or destroyed. This ensures the net charge of the system stays the

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electric Charges and Fields > Electric Dipole - Moment, Field and Torque

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Cyclic Processes and Reversibility Concepts

In an isolated system undergoing an adiabatic process, what remains constant?

**Cyclic process** system returns to initial state, ΔU=0 over cycle, net work W_net = area enclosed in P-V diagram, Q_net = W_net from first law ΔU= Q - W =0 => Q_net = W_net, clockwise cycle work done by system positive, counterclockwise work done on system negative, efficiency η = W_net/Q_in. In an isolated adiabatic system ( Δ Q = 0 ), no heat or matter is exchanged. The First Law ( Δ U = -Δ W ) applies, but total energy (internal energy) is conserved if no external work is done ( Δ W = 0 ), making total energy constant. Using first law

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Cyclic Processes and Reversibility Concepts

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Cyclic Processes and Reversibility Concepts

Which process is characterized by no heat exchange between the system and its surroundings?

**Cyclic process** system returns to initial state, ΔU=0 over cycle, net work W_net = area enclosed in P-V diagram, Q_net = W_net from first law ΔU= Q - W =0 => Q_net = W_net, clockwise cycle work done by system positive, counterclockwise work done on system negative, efficiency η = W_net/Q_in. An adiabatic process is defined by no heat transfer ( Δ Q = 0 ) between the system and surroundings. This occurs when the system is insulated or the process is too rapid for heat exchange. Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫ P dV, isobaric W = P ΔV,

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Thermodynamics > Cyclic Processes and Reversibility Concepts

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Thermodynamics

Which of the following always increases in an isolated system?

Entropy correctly describes the effect or change asked about in this question. In Thermodynamics, understanding cause-and-effect relationships is essential for predicting biological outcomes. Entropy occurs because of specific molecular interactions, thermodynamic principles, or regulatory mechanisms that govern this biological process. The other options (Gibbs free energy, Enthalpy, and Internal energy) describe either opposite effects, effects that occur under different conditions, or changes associated with unrelated processes.

Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Nelson & Cox, 8th Ed., Ch. 1

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