3 public questions tagged with this topic.
In an isolated system (q = 0), spontaneity requires Δ Stotal = Δ Ssys > 0, as Δ Ssurr = 0.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Thermodynamic Terms - System Surroundings and Types of Systems
For an isolated system, a spontaneous process increases entropy (Δ S > 0) until equilibrium, where Δ S = 0. Since Δ U = 0, Δ S > 0 for spontaneity.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Thermodynamic Terms - System Surroundings and Types of Systems
Entropy correctly describes the effect or change asked about in this question. In Thermodynamics, understanding cause-and-effect relationships is essential for predicting biological outcomes. Entropy occurs because of specific molecular interactions, thermodynamic principles, or regulatory mechanisms that govern this biological process. The other options (Gibbs free energy, Enthalpy, and Internal energy) describe either opposite effects, effects that occur under different conditions, or changes associated with unrelated processes.
Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Nelson & Cox, 8th Ed., Ch. 1
