#immunotherapy

Immunological Applications

Rituximab targets which antigen?

MS4A1 gene on chromosome 11q12.2 encodes CD20 differentiation antigen, 33 to 37 kDa tetra-spanning membrane phosphoprotein with both N and C termini intracellular, four transmembrane helices forming tetrameric oligomer functioning as store-operated calcium channel component modulating B cell receptor induced calcium flux via interaction with calcium release-activated calcium modulator ORAI1. Expression tightly regulated during ontogeny: absent on hematopoietic stem cells and early pro-B, appears at late pro-B stage after productive immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement, persists through mat

Ref: NCBI Gene MS4A1 CD20 tetra-span; Janeway Immunobiology CD20 calcium channel rituximab ADCC CDC.

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Immunological Applications

Rituximab targets which antigen?

Rituximab first chimeric mouse-human IgG1 kappa mAb targeting CD20 tetra-spanning membrane protein 33-37 kDa encoded MS4A1 11q12 four hydrophobic transmembrane domains intracellular N C termini extracellular small large loops 44 aa large loop epitope. CD20 forms homodimers tetramers lipid rafts regulating calcium flux store-operated entry Orai1 STIM1 and BCR signaling amplifying PLC gamma. Expression pre-B mature B lymphocytes but absent plasma cells HSC no shedding soluble form slow internalization excellent therapeutic target. Binding rituximab large loop crosslinks CD20 redistribution lipid

Ref: FDA Rituxan Rituximab CD20 MOA Label; NEJM Rituximab Lymphoma 1997 Maloney; Janeway CD20 Depletion ADCC CDC Mechanism Chapter 5.

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Cancer

PD-1/PD-L1 blockade results in

Enhanced T cell activation, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors act by blocking

Inhibitory immune receptors or ligands, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

CAR T cell therapy is based on

Genetically engineered T cells, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

T cell expansion therapy involves

In vitro expansion of tumor-reactive T cells, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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